U.S. Trade Policy Agenda
Comments for the Record
United States Senate
Committee on Finance
Hearing on U.S. Trade Policy Agenda
Thursday, March 22, 2018, 10:00 A.M.
By Michael G. Bindner
Center for Fiscal Equity
Chairman Hatch and Ranking Member Wyden, thank you for the opportunity to submit these comments for the record to the Committee on Finance. This largely mirrors our comments from last year. As usual, we will preface our comments with our comprehensive four-part approach, which will provide context for our comments.
• A Value Added Tax (VAT) to fund domestic military spending and domestic discretionary spending with a rate between 10% and 13%, which makes sure very American pays something.
• Personal income surtaxes on joint and widowed filers with net annual incomes of $100,000 and single filers earning $50,000 per year to fund net interest payments, debt retirement and overseas and strategic military spending and other international spending, with graduated rates between 5% and 25%.
• Employee contributions to Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) with a lower income cap, which allows for lower payment levels to wealthier retirees without making bend points more progressive.
• A VAT-like Net Business Receipts Tax (NBRT), which is essentially a subtraction VAT with additional tax expenditures for family support, health care and the private delivery of governmental services, to fund entitlement spending and replace income tax filing for most people (including people who file without paying), the corporate income tax, business tax filing through individual income taxes and the employer contribution to OASI, all payroll taxes for hospital insurance, disability insurance, unemployment insurance and survivors under age 60.
Far be it from the Center to interfere with a dispute between the Committee and the White House over Steel Tariffs and NAFTA. Such arguments are like those over immigration, where some business owners want employees to stay in the shadows and be abused, others want legal employees (though non-union – repealing right to work laws would end illegal immigration because no one would hire an undocumented worker with union representation) and still others in the conservative camp simply hate the illegality or the ethnicity of the immigrants (speaking of the White House).
The real similarity in the short term is that attacking unions for the past 30 years has taken its toll on the American worker in both immigration and trade. That has been facilitated by decreasing the top marginal income tax rates so that when savings are made to labor costs, the CEOs and stockholders actually benefit. When tax rates are high, the government gets the cash so wages are not kept low nor unions busted. It is a bit late in the day for the Majority to show real concern for the American worker rather than the American capitalist or consumer.
Reversing the plight of the American worker will involve more than trade, but I doubt that the Majority has the will to break from the last 30 years of tax policy to make worker wages safe again from their bosses. Sorry for being such a scold, but the times require it.
Some of our prior comments to the Trade Subcommittee from June of 2016 on our standard tax plan still apply, even though that hearing was on agricultural exports. Allow us to repeat them now:
The main trade impact in our plan is the first point, the value added tax (VAT). This is because (exported) products would shed the tax, i.e. the tax would be zero rated, at export. Whatever VAT congress sets is an export subsidy. Seen another way, to not put as much taxation into VAT as possible is to enact an unconstitutional export tax.
The second point, the income and inheritance surtax, has no impact on exports. It is what people pay when they have successfully exported goods and their costs have been otherwise covered by the VAT and the Net Business Receipts Tax/Subtraction VAT. This VAT will fund U.S. military deployments abroad, so it helps make exports safe but is not involved in trade policy other than in protecting the seas.
The third point is about individual retirement savings. As long as such savings are funded through a payroll tax and linked to income, rather than funded by a consumption tax and paid as an average, they will add a small amount to the export cost of products.
The fourth bullet point is tricky. The NBRT/Subtraction VAT could be made either border adjustable, like the VAT, or be included in the price. This tax is designed to benefit the families of workers, either through government services or services provided by employers in lieu of tax. As such, it is really part of compensation. While we could run all compensation through the public sector and make it all border adjustable, that would be a mockery of the concept. The tax is designed to pay for needed services. Not including the tax at the border means that services provided to employees, such as a much-needed expanded child tax credit – would be forgone. To this we respond, absolutely not – Heaven forbid – over our dead bodies. Just no.
The NBRT will have a huge impact on trade policy, probably much more than trade treaties, if one of the deductions from the tax is purchase of employer voting stock (in equal dollar amounts for each worker). Over a fairly short period of time, much of American industry, if not employee-owned outright (and there are other policies to accelerate this, like ESOP conversion) will give workers enough of a share to greatly impact wages, management hiring and compensation and dealing with overseas subsidiaries and the supply chain – as well as impacting certain legal provisions that limit the fiduciary impact of management decision to improving short-term profitability (at least that is the excuse managers give for not privileging job retention).
Employee-owners will find it in their own interest to give their overseas subsidiaries and their supply chain’s employees the same deal that they get as far as employee-ownership plus an equivalent standard of living. The same pay is not necessary, currency markets will adjust once worker standards of living rise.
Over time, this will change the economies of the nations we trade with, as working in employee-owned companies will become the market preference and force other firms to adopt similar policies (in much the same way that, even without a tax benefit for purchasing stock, employee-owned companies that become more democratic or even more socialistic, will force all other employers to adopt similar measures to compete for the best workers and professionals).
In the long run, trade will no longer be an issue. Internal company dynamics will replace the need for trade agreements as capitalists lose the ability to pit the interest of one nation’s workers against the other’s. This approach is also the most effective way to deal with the advance of robotics. If the workers own the robots, wages are swapped for profits with the profits going where they will enhance consumption without such devices as a guaranteed income.
If Senator Sanders had been nominated and elected, this is the type of trade policy you might be talking about today. Although the staff at the Center supported the Senator, you can imagine some of us thought him too conservative in his approach to these issues, although we did agree with him on the $15 minimum wage. Economically, this would have had little impact on trade, as workers at this price point often generate much more in productivity than their wage returns to them. This is why the economy is slow, even with low wage foreign imports. Such labor markets are what Welfare Economics call monopsonistic (either full monopsony, oligopsony or monopsonistic competition – which high wage workers mostly face). Foreign wages are often less than the current minimum wage, however many jobs cannot be moved overseas.
As we stated at the outset, the best protection for American workers and American consumer are higher marginal tax rates for the wealthy. This will also end the possibility of a future crisis where the U.S. Treasury cannot continue to roll over its debt into new borrowing. Japan sells its debt to its rich and under-taxes them. They have a huge Debt to GDP ratio, however they are a small nation. We cannot expect the same treatment from our world-wide network of creditors, an issue which is also very important for trade. Currently, we trade the security of our debt for consumer products. Theoretically, some of these funds should make workers who lose their jobs whole – so far it has not. This is another way that higher tax rates and collection (and we are nowhere near the top of the semi-fictitious Laffer Curve) hurt the American workforce. Raising taxes solves both problems, even though it is the last thing I would expect of the Majority.
We make these comments because majorities change – either by deciding to do the right thing or losing to those who will, so we will keep providing comments, at least until invited to testify.
Thank you for the opportunity to address the committee. We are, of course, available for direct testimony or to answer questions by members and staff.
posted by Michael Bindner at 10:00 AM
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